A Model Integrated Science Guide for Junior High General Education Classroom Teachers in the Tahoma School District

Teaching concepts in science that incorporated different science disciplines were studied and placed into practice at Tahoma Junior High School, Maple Valley, Washington. This form of integrated teaching was displayed in an integrated science model unit. The integrated teaching was displayed in an integrated science model unit. The integrated science model unit detailed river systems and the many different sciences that play a role in creating the river environment we see daily. Research showed students learned as well if not better in integrated science classrooms when compared to students who fulfilled the traditional sequence of science classes. Moreover, brain research suggested students\u27 brains were able to make connections between science disciplines when dealing with an entire entity, and not by dissecting the natural environment to specific fields of interest. A sample unit framework, lesson plan and student handouts were provided within the model unit. Additionally, recommendations for implementing an integrated science curriculum were provided

Virus replication begins in dendritic cells during the transmission of HIV-1 from mature dendritic cells to T cells

Background: To initiate immunity, dendritic cells (DCs) capture antigens or viruses at body surfaces, undergo maturation to express T-cell costimulatory molecules, and then migrate to lymphoid organs. DCs at body surfaces can capture human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), but mature DCs do not support replication of the virus unless T cells are added. The initial site for HIV-1 replication remains unknown and it is unclear whether replication can take place in DCs or whether the virus must first be transmitted from DCs to T cells. Results: We generated mature DCs from monocyte precursors. Upon infection with HIV-1, reverse transcription was completed only when T cells were added. When the reverse transcriptase inhibitor azidothymidine was added to the DCs during exposure to HIV-1, the DCs remained fully infectious, as long as the drug was removed just before culturing the DCs with T cells. HIV-1 variants that were engineered to undergo only one cycle of replication were able to infect DCs and replicate once in these cells. When T cells were added, newly produced HIV-1 Gag protein was exclusively localized to the DCs. With wild-type virus, subsequent rounds of replication took place in T cells. Soluble CD40 ligand (CD40L) and CD40L-transfected fibroblasts stimulated HIV-1 replication in purified mature DCs. Conclusions: Mature DCs provide a drug-resistant reservoir for HIV-1. This reservoir is activated within DCs by CD40L and upon interaction with T cells, and the virus then spreads rapidly to other T cells

Comportamiento catalítico de una Bentonita modificada con Manganeso en la oxidación en fase húmeda de naranja de metilo con peróxido de hidrógeno

En este trabajo se presenta un estudio comparativo en el que se introduce manganeso en una bentonita colombiana proveniente del Valle del Cauca (BVC) utilizando tres métodos: i) pilarización con Al 2 O 3 y posterior impregnación húmeda con una disolución acuosa de manganeso, ii) co-intercalación con una disolución oligomérica mixta de Al-Mn seguida de una etapa de calcinación y iii) homoionización con Mn 2+ y posterior formación in-situ de agregados tipo MnS. Los sólidos resultantes son caracterizados por espectroscopía de absorción atómica (EAA), capacidad de intercambio catiónico (CIC) y difracción de rayos X en polvo (DRX), y evaluados como catalizadores en la oxidación de naranja de metilo con peróxido de hidrógeno

A global atlas of the dominant bacteria found in soil.

A global atlas of the dominant bacteria found in soil. Published in Science. http://science.sciencemag.org/content/359/6373/32

Neural response to monetary loss among youth with disruptive behavior disorders and callous-unemotional traits in the ABCD study

Etiological models highlight reduced punishment sensitivity as a core risk factor for disruptive behavior disorders (DBD) and callous-unemotional (CU) traits. The current study examined neural sensitivity to the anticipation and receipt of loss, one key aspect of punishment sensitivity, among youth with DBD, comparing those with and without CU traits. Data were obtained from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD)SM Study (N = 11,874; Mage = 9.51; 48% female). Loss-related fMRI activity during the monetary incentive delay task was examined across 16 empirically-derived a priori brain regions (e.g., striatum, amygdala, insula, anterior cingulate cortex, medial prefrontal cortex) and compared across the following groups: (1) typically developing (n = 693); (2) DBD (n = 995), subdivided into those (3) with CU traits (DBD + CU, n = 198), and (4) without CU traits (DBD-only, n = 276). Latent variable modeling was also employed to examine network-level activity. There were no significant between-group differences in brain activity to loss anticipation or receipt. Null findings were confirmed with and without covariates, using alternative grouping approaches, and in dimensional models. Network-level analyses also demonstrated comparable activity across groups during loss anticipation and receipt. Findings suggest that differences in punishment sensitivity among youth with DBD are unrelated to loss anticipation or receipt. More precise characterizations of other aspects punishment sensitivity are needed to understand risk for DBD and CU traits

Help-seeking behaviour for pelvic floor dysfunction in women over 55: drivers and barriers

Objective: Our aim was to identify drivers of and barriers to help-seeking behaviour of older women with pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) living independently in Australia . Methods: Women aged =55 years were recruited to this cross-sectional study during July and August 2016. Bladder, bowel, pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and sexual dysfunction were assessed with the Australian Pelvic Floor Questionnaire (APFQ). Drivers and barriers were based on the Barriers to Incontinence Care Seeking Questionnaire. Univariate analyses were used to assess any significant relationships between PFD, age, education level, self-reported PFD, barriers and drivers. Results: Of the 376 study participants [mean, standard deviation (SD) age 68.6 (10.5) years], 67% reported symptoms of PFD and 98.7% scored > 0 on the APFQ. Women were more likely to seek help if they scored higher on the APFQ (p < 0.001). The main barrier to seeking help was the perception that PFD was a normal part of ageing (22.4%). Of those who did seek help (50%), the main factor was increased level of symptom bother (51.4%). There was no difference in age or education level between women who did and did not seek help. Conclusion: Women are more likely to seek help for PFD if scoring higher on the APFQ or symptoms are becoming more bothersome. They are less likely to seek help if they view their symptoms as normal. Future direction should be taken to raise awareness of normal pelvic floor function as well as the availability of help for PFD

High genetic risk for depression as an independent risk factor for mortality in patients referred for coronary angiography

BackgroundDifferent observations have suggested that patients with depression have a higher risk for a number of comorbidities and mortality. The underlying causes have not been fully understood yet.AimsThe aim of our study was to investigate the association of a genetic depression risk score (GDRS) with mortality [all-cause and cardiovascular (CV)] and markers of depression (including intake of antidepressants and a history of depression) in the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) study involving 3,316 patients who had been referred for coronary angiography.Methods and resultsThe GDRS was calculated in 3,061 LURIC participants according to a previously published method and was found to be associated with all-cause (p = 0.016) and CV mortality (p = 0.0023). In Cox regression models adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, hypertension, smoking, and diabetes mellitus, the GDRS remained significantly associated with all-cause [1.18 (1.04–1.34, p = 0.013)] and CV [1.31 (1.11–1.55, p = 0.001)] mortality. The GDRS was not associated with the intake of antidepressants or a history of depression. However, this cohort of CV patients had not specifically been assessed for depression, leading to marked underreporting. We were unable to identify any specific biomarkers correlated with the GDRS in LURIC participants.ConclusionA genetic predisposition for depression estimated by a GDRS was independently associated with all-cause and CV mortality in our cohort of patients who had been referred for coronary angiography. No biomarker correlating with the GDRS could be identified

Role of B Cell Profile for Predicting Secondary Autoimmunity in Patients Treated With Alemtuzumab

UDHEBRONTo explore if baseline blood lymphocyte profile could identify relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients at higher risk of developing secondary autoimmune adverse events (AIAEs) after alemtuzumab treatment. Multicenter prospective study including 57 RRMS patients treated with alemtuzumab followed for 3.25 [3.5-4.21] years, (median [interquartile range]). Blood samples were collected at baseline, and leukocyte subsets determined by flow cytometry. We had additional samples one year after the first cycle of alemtuzumab treatment in 39 cases. Twenty-two patients (38.6%) developed AIAEs during follow-up. They had higher B-cell percentages at baseline (p=0.0014), being differences mainly due to plasmablasts/plasma cells (PB/PC, p=0.0011). Those with no AIAEs had higher percentages of CD4+ T cells (p=0.013), mainly due to terminally differentiated (TD) (p=0.034) and effector memory (EM) (p=0.031) phenotypes. AIAEs- patients also showed higher values of TNF-alpha-producing CD8+ T cells (p=0.029). The percentage of PB/PC was the best variable to differentiate both groups of patients. Baseline values >0.10% closely associated with higher AIAE risk (Odds ratio [OR]: 5.91, 95% CI: 1.83-19.10, p=0.004). When excluding the 12 patients with natalizumab, which decreases blood PB/PC percentages, being the last treatment before alemtuzumab, baseline PB/PC >0.1% even predicted more accurately the risk of AIAEs (OR: 11.67, 95% CI: 2.62-51.89, p=0.0007). The AIAEs+ group continued having high percentages of PB/PC after a year of alemtuzumab treatment (p=0.0058). A PB/PC percentage <0.1% at baseline identifies MS patients at low risk of secondary autoimmunity during alemtuzumab treatment.

Social Expectations Bias Decision-Making in Uncertain Inter-Personal Situations

Understanding the role that social cues have on interpersonal choice, and their susceptibility to contextual effects, is of core importance to models of social decision-making. Language, on the other hand, is one of the main means of communication during social interactions in our culture. The present experiments tested whether positive and negative linguistic descriptions of alleged partners in a modified Ultimatum Game biased decisions made to the same set of offers, and whether the contextual uncertainty of the game modulated this biasing effect. The results showed that in an uncertain context, the same offers were accepted with higher probability when they were preceded by positive rather than by negative valenced trait-words. Participants also accepted fair offers with higher probability than unfair offers, but this effect did not interact with the valence of the social descriptive words. In addition, the speed of the decision was affected by valence: acceptance choices were faster when they followed a positive adjective, whereas rejection responses were faster after a negative-valenced word. However, these effects were highly reduced when the uncertainty was eliminated from the game. This suggests that positive and negative relevant social information can bias decisions made to the same pieces of evidence during interpersonal interactions, but that this mainly takes place when the uncertainty associated with the choices is high